Aroma therapy
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) defines aromatherapy as “The therapeutic application or the medicinal use of aromatic substances (essential oils) for holistic healing.”
American aromatherapist Jeanne Rose classifies aromatherapy as “The healing of essential oils through the sense of smell by inhalation, and through other application of these therapeutic volatile substances” (Rose 1992). French physician Valnet (1990) writes that aromatherapy involves essences obtained from plants that are generally given “in the form of drops, or capsules.”
The basic reason which accounts for the diversity of conception and application of aromatherapy lies in the very nature of the aromatic substance. Essential oils have many properties which make them highly suitable therapeutic substances:
– The capacity to effect cutaneous penetration quickly and easily.
– Being endowed with the capacity to influence the mind through their powerful impact on the human olfactory system. They were traditionally used in analeptics (an old term denoting a restorative remedy for states of weakness frequently accompanied by faintness and dizziness (Aschner 1986)) to stimulate the olfactory
nerve and the sensory trigeminal nerve endings causing a reflex stimulation of respiration and circulation (Schulz, Hänsel & Tyler 1998 ).
– Having multiple pharmacological properties due to their highly active molecular compounds
Aromatherapy applications include massage, topical applications, and inhalation.
There are many reasons why essential oils need to be included in the armoury of weapons in the fight against the disease. They have many positive properties and effects which are desirable – and few drawbacks. They are capable of being anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, appetite-stimulating, carminative, choleretic, circulation stimulating, deodorizing, expectorant, granulation stimulating, hyperaemic, insecticidal, insect repelling, and sedative (Schilcher 1985 ). They are natural antimicrobial agents able to act on bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Essential oils have been found to aid relaxation effectively, both pre-and postoperatively, to regenerate tissue in cases of severe burns and inflammation, and to relieve pain in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. They have helped to improve the quality of life for the terminally ill and have also found important uses in maternity care. They are used more and more to help people with learning disabilities and in elderly care, particularly with regard to dementia as well as being used extensively to improve or uplift a patient’s state of mind.
According to the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, some of the important essential oils are:
clary sage
cypress
eucalyptus
fennel
geranium
ginger
helichrysum
lavender